Clinical psychology is the application of psychological principles to evaluate and allay human suffering. Psychological tests may be employed to assist in the determination of a diagnostic formulation, which, in turn, informs treatment efforts. Therapy and counseling occurs within a variety of theoretical frameworks including dynamic, behavioral, gestalt, transpersonal and eclectic. While psychotherapy has become increasingly empirically based, it is considered by many to be both science and art.
Forensic psychology refers to the application of psychological principles to a legal issue. Forensic derives from the word forum, where laws were made in ancient Rome. The range of forensic psychology is broad and includes issues within criminal law (e.g., competency to stand trial, criminal responsibility assessment), civil law (child custody evaluation, personal injury assessment) and administrative law (e.g., disabiliity determination). There are also many forensic therapy applications (e.g., sex offender treatment, domestic violence counseling).